Mac Dyld Library
Nov 11, 2019 Once in a while, for no apparent reason, you may encounter the SPOD (Spinning Pinwheel of Death). It's that multicolored pinwheel mouse pointer that signifies a temporary delay while your Mac tries to figure something out. In this case, your Mac is trying to think but nothing happens, so the pinwheel keeps spinning, and spinning, and spinning. Jan 19, 2011 Thanks for the reply, but I built that library called 'freeimage' under the make function and I read through the instructions and it didn't mention anything about setting up freeimage as a 32bit or 64bit, but the project that the library is using is already set for 32bit and it's set for 'my current Mac', but I'll snoop around with FreeImage and that link more to see if those solve my problem. Nov 01, 2010 Before this solution, you must make sure you have already use Intel C/Fortran compiler and set 'Header Search Path' and 'Library Search Path' and 'Other Link Flags'. Oct 13, 2016 I think the issue is not connected with cmake configuration. I think the issue is connected with macOS Sierra SIP feature. Where should be a way how to break through SIP and allow to load dynamic libraries not from system defined paths. Com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation I saw an issue another application ran into, which suggests the problem was with @executablepath, and that they were able to solve their problem by adding the 'com.apple.security.cs.allow-dyld-environment-variables' entitlement. I'm going to test that out and give it a shot! Apr 27, 2018 Some recent work has forced me to become significantly more friendly with native library resolution on macOS. I’ve been meaning to write down what’s I’ve learned, and a question on the.
Problem :
Build an Intel® MKL program on Mac OS* with Intel® Fortran Compiler,
For example, compilers_and_libraries_2017.0.065,
MKLPATH=/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.0.065/mac/mkl/lib
MKLINCLUDE=/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.0.065/mac/mkl/include
> ifort main. f -o main -L$(MKLPATH) -I$(MKLINCLUDE) -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -lpthread
get compiler warning:
ld64 warning: indirect library libiomp5.dylib could not be loaded: file not found: libiomp5.dylib
Or runtime error:
dyld: Library not loaded: libiomp5.dylib
Referenced from: @rpath/libmkl_intel_thread.dylib
Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap
Root Cause :
Since MKL 11.2, the MKL libraries for Mac OS* have been integrated into Intel® C++/Fortran Compiler Professional Edition or Intel® C++/Fortran Composer XE for Mac OS* X. The default path of MKL libraries were changed from
'/opt/intel/Compiler/11.x/0xx/Frameworks/mkl/'
to '/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_201*.*.***/mac/mkl'
for MKL version 11.0-11.1, please refer to '/opt/intel/Compiler/11.x/0xx/Frameworks/mkl/'
for MKL version 10.*, please refer to '/Library/Frameworks/Intel_MKL.framework/Versions/10.0.x.xxx/'
At the same time, the default OpenMP libraries (libiomp5.dylib, libiomp5.a) used by MKL are not in <MKL Libraries>/lib directory as in previous versions. They are under the Intel compiler lib directory now.
for instance, /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.0.065/mac/compiler/lib
If you use openMP in c++ application and build with Intel C++ compiler, please firstly make sure you have enable the option 'ICC Intel® C++ 17.*.***-Language' » 'Process OpenMp Directives'.
IPP is the same, please see the article XCode link error: 'file not found: libiomp5.dylib'
Solution:
For compiler warning:
Please refer to the MKL link line advisor.
the command line could be
>ifort main. f -o main -L$(MKLPATH) -I$(MKLINCLUDE) -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -openmp -lpthread
or
ifort main. f -o main -L$(MKLPATH) -I$(MKLINCLUDE) -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -L/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.0.065/mac/compiler/lib -liomp5 -lpthread
Problem:
Get runtime error:
like dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/lib[mkl ipp]_x.dylib
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Root Cause:
You did not set environment variables of MKL/IPP path or did not link your application to MKL/IPP path.
Solution:
Please add the path of lib<product>.dylib in system environment before run binary (The <product> could be 'mkl' or 'ipp'). There are two methods to realize the solution:
- Run shell script file to set environment variables, for example, setting MKL:
> /opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.*.***/mac/mkl/bin/mklvars.sh <ia32 intel64> - Or write command to set directly, for example, setting MKL:
> export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH='/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.*.***/mac/mkl/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
In Xcode 7.3.1 Development Environment:
Click solution/application, select 'All' and 'Combined', then find 'Linking', add 'Runpath search path' like following:
/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.*.***/mac/mkl/lib
/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries_2017.*.***/mac/compiler/lib
If after set the MKL library and Compiler library, you still got the error dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/libimp5.dylib,
please consider the solutions provided inhttps://software.intel.com/en-us/forums/intel-c-compiler/topic/698021
or
adding -Wl,-rpath,@executable_path options to your build command line.
Before this solution, you must make sure you have already use Intel C++/Fortran compiler and set 'Header Search Path' and 'Library Search Path' and 'Other Link Flags'.
Learn more information about linking and compiling Intel MKL in Mac OS*, please see:
Compiling and linking MKL with Xcode*
How to link application against Intel MKL using XCode IDE
Mac Dyld Library Not Loaded @executable_path/./.python
In computing, a dynamic linker is the part of an operating system that loads and links the shared libraries needed by an executable when it is executed (at 'run time'), by copying the content of libraries from persistent storage to RAM, filling jump tables and relocating pointers. The specific operating system and executable format determine how the dynamic linker functions and how it is implemented.
Linking is often referred to as a process that is performed when the executable is compiled, while a dynamic linker is a special part of an operating system that loads external shared libraries into a running process and then binds those shared libraries dynamically to the running process. This approach is also called dynamic linking or late linking.
Implementations[edit]
Microsoft Windows[edit]
Dynamic-link library, or DLL, is Microsoft's implementation of the shared library concept in the Microsoft Windows and OS/2operating systems. These libraries usually have the file extensionDLL, OCX (for libraries containing ActiveX controls), or DRV (for legacy system drivers). The file formats for DLLs are the same as for Windows EXE files – that is, Portable Executable (PE) for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows, and New Executable (NE) for 16-bit Windows. As with EXEs, DLLs can contain code, data, and resources, in any combination.
Data files with the same file format as a DLL, but with different file extensions and possibly containing only resource sections, can be called resource DLLs. Examples of such DLLs include icon libraries, sometimes having the extension ICL, and font files, having the extensions FON and FOT.[1]
Unix-like systems using ELF, and Darwin-based systems[edit]
In most Unix-like systems, most of the machine code that makes up the dynamic linker is actually an external executable that the operating system kernel loads and executes first in a process address space newly constructed as a result of calling exec or posix_spawn functions. At link time, the path of the dynamic linker that should be used is embedded into the executable image.
When an executable file is loaded, the operating system kernel reads the path of the dynamic linker from it and then attempts to load and execute this other executable binary; if that attempt fails because, for example, there is no file with that path, the attempt to execute the original executable fails. The dynamic linker then loads the initial executable image and all the dynamically-linked libraries on which it depends, and starts the executable. As a result, the pathname of the dynamic linker is part of the operating system's application binary interface.
Systems using ELF[edit]
In Unix-like systems that use ELF for executable images and dynamic libraries, such as Solaris, 64-bit versions of HP-UX, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly BSD, the path of the dynamic linker that should be used is embedded at link time into the .interp section of the executable's PT_INTERP segment. In those systems, dynamically loaded shared libraries can be identified by the filename suffix .so (shared object).
The dynamic linker can be influenced into modifying its behavior during either the program's execution or the program's linking, and the examples of this can be seen in the run-time linker manual pages for various Unix-like systems.[2][3][4][5][6] A typical modification of this behavior is the use of LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOADenvironment variables, which adjust the runtime linking process by searching for shared libraries at alternate locations and by forcibly loading and linking libraries that would otherwise not be, respectively. An example is zlibc,[7] also known as uncompress.so,[a] which facilitates transparent decompression when used through the LD_PRELOADhack; as a result, it is possible to read pre-compressed (gzipped) file data on BSD and Linux systems as if the files were not compressed, essentially allowing a user to add transparent compression to the underlying filesystem, although with some caveats. The mechanism is flexible, allowing trivial adaptation of the same code to perform additional or alternate processing of data during the file read, prior to the provision of said data to the user process that has requested it.[8][9]
macOS and iOS[edit]
In the Apple Darwin operating system, and in the macOS and iOS operating systems built on top of it, the path of the dynamic linker that should be used is embedded at link time into one of the Mach-O load commands in the executable image. In those systems, dynamically loaded shared libraries can be identified either by the filename suffix .dylib or by their placement inside the bundle for a framework.
The dynamic linker not only links the target executable to the shared libraries but also places machine code functions at specific address points in memory that the target executable knows about at link time. When an executable wishes to interact with the dynamic linker, it simply executes the machine-specific call or jump instruction to one of those well-known address points. The executables on the macOS and iOS platforms often interact with the dynamic linker during the execution of the process; it is even known that an executable might interact with the dynamic linker, causing it to load more libraries and resolve more symbols, hours after it initially launches. The reason that a macOS or iOS program interacts with the dynamic linker so often is due both to Apple's Cocoa and Cocoa Touch APIs and Objective-C, the language in which they are implemented (see their main articles for more information).
The dynamic linker can be coerced into modifying some of its behavior; however, unlike other Unix-like operating systems, these modifications are hints that can be (and sometimes are) ignored by the dynamic linker. Examples of this can be seen in dyld's manual page.[10] A typical modification of this behavior is the use of the DYLD_FRAMEWORK_PATH and DYLD_PRINT_LIBRARIES environment variables. The former of the previously-mentioned variables adjusts the executables' search path for the shared libraries, while the latter displays the names of the libraries as they are loaded and linked.
Apple's macOS dynamic linker is an open-source project released as part of Darwin and can be found in the Apple's open-source dyld project.[11]
XCOFF-based Unix-like systems[edit]
In Unix-like operating systems using XCOFF, such as AIX, dynamically-loaded shared libraries use the filename suffix .a.
The dynamic linker can be influenced into modifying its behavior during either the program's execution or the program's linking.A typical modification of this behavior is the use of the LIBPATHenvironment variable.This variable adjusts the runtime linking process by searching for shared libraries at alternate locations and by forcibly loading and linking libraries that would otherwise not be, respectively.
OS/360 and successors[edit]
Dynamic linking from Assembler language programs in IBM OS/360 and its successors is done typically using a LINK macro instruction containing a Supervisor Call instruction that activates the operating system routines that makes the library module to be linked available to the program. Library modules may reside in a 'STEPLIB' or 'JOBLIB' specified in control cards and only available to a specific execution of the program, in a library included in the LINKLIST in the PARMLIB (specified at system startup time), or in the 'link pack area' where specific reentrant modules are loaded at system startup time.
Multics[edit]
In the Multics operating system all files, including executables, are segments. A call to a routine not part of the current segment will cause the system to find the referenced segment, in memory or on disk, and add it to the address space of the running process. Dynamic linking is the normal method of operation, and static linking (using the binder) is the exception.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Not to be confused with the zlib compression library.
References[edit]
Xcode Dyld Library Not Loaded
- ^Microsoft Corporation. 'Creating a Resource-Only DLL'. Microsoft Developer Network Library.
- ^
ld.so.1(1): Solaris dynamic linker/loader – Solaris 10 User Commands Reference Manual - ^
ld-linux.so(8)– Linux Programmer's Manual – Administration and Privileged Commands - ^
rtld(1): FreeBSD dynamic linker/loader – FreeBSD General Commands Manual - ^
ld.elf_so(1): NetBSD dynamic linker/loader – NetBSD General Commands Manual - ^
ld.so(1): OpenBSD dynamic linker/loader – OpenBSD General Commands Manual - ^https://www.zlibc.linux.lu/
- ^'uncompress.so'. delorie.com. Retrieved 2014-07-04.
- ^'zlibc.conf'. delorie.com. Retrieved 2014-07-04.
- ^
dyld(1): Darwin/Mac OS X dynamic linker/loader – Darwin and macOS General Commands Manual - ^Apple Inc. 'Open Source - Releases'. apple.com. Retrieved 2014-07-04.
Further reading[edit]
- Levine, John R. (2000) [October 1999]. Linkers and Loaders. The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Software Engineering and Programming (1 ed.). San Francisco, USA: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN1-55860-496-0. OCLC42413382. ISBN978-1-55860-496-4. Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2020-01-12. Code: [1][2] Errata: [3]
External links[edit]
- Dynamic Linking and Loading, IECC.com
- Dynamic Linking in Linux and Windows, part one, Symantec.com
- Anatomy of Linux dynamic libraries, IBM.com